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Gravity & Orbital Calculator

Calculate orbital velocity, gravitational force, escape velocity, and Hohmann transfer orbits — with presets for Earth, Moon, Mars, Jupiter and more

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Central Body

Altitude above surface (km)

Orbital Velocity

7.672 km/s

7672.5 m/s

Orbital Period

1.54 hours

Orbital Radius

6771 km

Surface Gravity

9.820 m/s²

Gravity at Altitude

8.6940 m/s²

Gravitational Force

F = G × m₁ × m₂ / r²

Orbital Velocity

v = √(G × M / r)

Orbital Period

T = 2π × r / v

Escape Velocity

v_esc = √(2GM / r) = √2 × v_orb

Gravitational Constant

G = 6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ m³/(kg·s²)

Hohmann Δv

Δv = |v_t1 − v_1| + |v_2 − v_t2|

Body	Mass (kg)	Radius (km)	Surface g	Escape v
🌍 Earth	5.972e+24	6371	9.82 m/s²	11.19 km/s
🌙 Moon	7.342e+22	1737	1.62 m/s²	2.38 km/s
🔴 Mars	6.417e+23	3390	3.73 m/s²	5.03 km/s
🟠 Jupiter	1.898e+27	69911	25.92 m/s²	60.20 km/s
☀️ Sun	1.989e+30	695700	274.28 m/s²	617.77 km/s
🟡 Venus	4.867e+24	6052	8.87 m/s²	10.36 km/s
🪐 Saturn	5.683e+26	58232	11.19 m/s²	36.09 km/s
⚫ Mercury	3.301e+23	2440	3.70 m/s²	4.25 km/s