Gravity & Orbital Calculator
Calculate orbital velocity, gravitational force, escape velocity, and Hohmann transfer orbits — with presets for Earth, Moon, Mars, Jupiter and more
Parameters
Orbital Mechanics Formulas
F = G × m₁ × m₂ / r²v = √(G × M / r)T = 2π × r / vv_esc = √(2GM / r) = √2 × v_orbG = 6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ m³/(kg·s²)Δv = |v_t1 − v_1| + |v_2 − v_t2|Celestial Body Reference
| Body | Mass (kg) | Radius (km) | Surface g | Escape v |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🌍 Earth | 5.972e+24 | 6371 | 9.82 m/s² | 11.19 km/s |
| 🌙 Moon | 7.342e+22 | 1737 | 1.62 m/s² | 2.38 km/s |
| 🔴 Mars | 6.417e+23 | 3390 | 3.73 m/s² | 5.03 km/s |
| 🟠 Jupiter | 1.898e+27 | 69911 | 25.92 m/s² | 60.20 km/s |
| ☀️ Sun | 1.989e+30 | 695700 | 274.28 m/s² | 617.77 km/s |
| 🟡 Venus | 4.867e+24 | 6052 | 8.87 m/s² | 10.36 km/s |
| 🪐 Saturn | 5.683e+26 | 58232 | 11.19 m/s² | 36.09 km/s |
| ⚫ Mercury | 3.301e+23 | 2440 | 3.70 m/s² | 4.25 km/s |
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