FreeTool
Calculators

Speed of Sound Calculator

Calculate the speed of sound in air, water, steel, and 20+ media — with Mach number converter, thunder distance estimator, altitude and humidity corrections

Parameters

0%50%100%
Speed of Sound
345.02 m/s
at 20.0 °C
km/h
1242.07
mph
771.81
knots
670.72
ft/s
1132.01
Relative to Mach 1 (343 m/s at 20°C)
Mach 1.006

Speed of Sound in Various Media

gasGases

Air (20 °C)343 m/s
Air (0 °C)331.3 m/s
Helium1007 m/s
Hydrogen1270 m/s
Carbon Dioxide259 m/s
Methane446 m/s

liquidLiquids

Fresh Water (25 °C)1497 m/s
Sea Water (25 °C)1531 m/s
Mercury1450 m/s
Ethanol1162 m/s
Glycerin1904 m/s

solidSolids

Steel5960 m/s
Aluminum6420 m/s
Copper4760 m/s
Glass (Pyrex)5640 m/s
Concrete3400 m/s
Wood (Oak)3850 m/s
Rubber1600 m/s
Diamond12000 m/s
Granite6000 m/s
Ice3980 m/s
Bone4080 m/s

Formulas

Speed in dry air
v = 331.3 + 0.606 × T (°C)

Linear approximation valid from -40°C to +60°C

Ideal gas (exact)
v = √(γ × R × T / M)

γ=1.4 for air, R=8.314 J/(mol·K), M=0.029 kg/mol

Mach number
Ma = v_object / v_sound

Ma < 1 subsonic, Ma > 1 supersonic

Mach cone angle
sin(α) = 1 / Ma

Half-angle of shock cone at supersonic speeds

Lightning distance
d = v_sound × t

Count seconds between flash and thunder

Temperature lapse rate
T_alt = T_ground - 6.5°C/km × h

Standard atmosphere troposphere model

Continue Exploring

Other Calculators you might like...

View all in category

Percentage Calculator

Calculate percentages, tip amounts, and percentage changes with precision

Try Now

Scientific Calculator

Advanced multi-functional calculator with trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential functions

Try Now

Statistics Calculator

Calculate mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and variance for sets of data

Try Now

Fraction Calculator

Add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions, and simplify them to lowest terms

Try Now

Age Calculator

Calculate your exact age in years, months, weeks, days, and even minutes

Try Now

Dog / Cat Age Calculator

Convert your dog or cat's age to human years based on species, size, and AVMA guidelines

Try Now

GPA & Grade Calculator

Track your academic performance with weighted GPA and semester grade estimates

Try Now

IP Subnet Calculator

Compute network ranges, broadcast addresses, and CIDR masks for IPv4 networking

Try Now

Don't see what you need?

We build free tools based on community feedback. If there's a utility that would improve your workflow, suggest it today!

Speed of Sound Calculator — Free Online Tool | FreeTool24 | FreeTool24